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Pharmaceutical products

Our principal pharmaceutical products are presently directed to nine therapeutic areas. An analysis of sales by these therapeutic areas, and a description of the principal products, are set out below:

Turnover by therapeutic area	2007 £m	2006 £m	2005 £m
Respiratory	5,032	4,995	5,054
Central nervous system	3,348	3,642	3,219
Anti-virals	3,028	2,827	2,598
Anti-bacterials/anti-malarials	1,330	1,369	1,519
Metabolic	1,514	1,875	1,495
Vaccines	1,993	1,692	1,389
Oncology and emesis	477	1,069	1,016
Cardiovascular and urogenital	1,554	1,636	1,331
Other	957	973	1,040
	19,233	20,078	18,661

Products and their versions may not be approved for all indications in all markets where they are available.

Respiratory
Seretide/Advair, a combination of Serevent and Flixotide, offers a long-acting bronchodilator and an anti-inflammatory in a single inhaler. It is approved for the treatment of asthma and COPD.

Flixotide/Flovent and Becotide/Beclovent are inhaled steroids for the treatment of inflammation associated with asthma and COPD.

Serevent is a long-acting bronchodilator used to treat asthma and COPD, and Ventolin is a selective short-acting bronchodilator used to treat bronchospasm.

Veramyst/Avamys, Flixonase/Flonase and Beconase are intra-nasal preparations for the treatment of perennial and seasonal rhinitis.

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Central nervous system (CNS)
Seroxat/Paxil is a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) for the treatment of major depressive disorder, panic, obsessive compulsive disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and general anxiety disorder. A controlled release forumulation, Paxil CR, is available in the USA.

Wellbutrin is an anti-depressant, available in the USA and many European and international markets in normal, sustained-release (SR) and once daily (XL) formulations.

Imigran/Imitrex is a 5HT1 receptor agonist used for the treatment of severe or frequent migraine and cluster headache, and has become the reference product in this sector. Naramig/Amerge is also a 5HT1 receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of migraine.

Lamictal, a well established treatment for epilepsy, is now also indicated for bipolar disorder.

Requip is a specific dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS).

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Anti-virals
Combivir , a combination of Retrovir and Epivir , has consolidated the position of these two reverse transcriptase inhibitors as the cornerstone of many multiple anti-HIV product regimens. Physician acceptance has clearly demonstrated the value placed on minimising the pill burden faced by patients.

Ziagen is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. The product's potency, ease of use and resistance profile allow it to play a significant role in a variety of highly active, well tolerated and simplified HIV treatment regimens.

Trizivir is a combination of Combivir and Ziagen , combining three anti-HIV therapies in one tablet, for twice daily administration.

Epzicom/Kivexa, approved for use in the USA and Europe, is a combination of Epivir and Ziagen that is taken as one tablet with once-daily dosing for HIV/AIDS in combination with at least one other anti-HIV drug.

Lexiva/Telzir is a protease inhibitor for the treatment of HIV, that is well tolerated and more convenient than Agenerase which it supersedes. Lexiva may be taken twice daily or once daily when boosted with ritonavir.

Zeffix has been approved for marketing in the USA, Europe, China and other markets for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.

Valtrex is a treatment for episodic genital herpes as well as the long term suppression and reduction of transmission of genital herpes, zoster (shingles), cold sores and chicken pox. Valtrex supersedes Zovirax , which is also used to treat herpes infections.

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Anti-bacterials and anti-malarials
Augmentin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic suitable for the treatment of a wide range of common bacterial infections and is particularly effective against respiratory tract infections. Augmentin ES-600 is an extra strength suspension specifically designed to treat children with recurrent or persistent middle ear infections.

Augmentin XR is an extended release formulation for the treatment of patients with
community acquired pneumonia or acute bacterial sinusitis.

Altabax/Altargo, approved in 2007 for the topical treatment of certain bacterial skin infections, represents the first new class of topical antibiotics approved by the FDA in nearly two decades.

Ceftin/Zinnat is an oral antibiotic used primarily for community acquired infections of the lower respiratory tract.

Malarone is an oral anti-malarial used for the treatment and prophylaxis of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum.

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Metabolic
Avandia is a potent insulin sensitising agent which acts on the underlying pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.

Avandamet is a combination of Avandia and metformin HCI that targets insulin resistance and decreases glucose production in one convenient pill.

Avandaryl/Avaglim is a combination of Avandia, and Amaryl, a Sanofi-Aventis product. Avandaryl/Avaglim targets insulin resistance and stimulates pancreatic insulin production.

Bonviva/Boniva is a long acting bisphosphonate available in once-monthly oral and quarterly injection forms for the treatment of osteoporosis (co-promoted with Roche)

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Vaccines
GlaxoSmithKline markets over 30 vaccines worldwide, of which more than half are combination vaccines to protect children, adolescents and/or adults against up to six diseases at the same time.

Infanrix is a range of paediatric vaccine combinations. Infanrix provides protection against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (whooping cough). Infanrix penta (Europe) / Pediarix (USA and Canada) provides additional protection against hepatitis B and polio, and Infanrix hexa further adds protection against Haemophilus influenzae type b, which causes meningitis. Boostrix is available to add protection against pertussis (whooping cough) to the routine tetanus/diphtheria booster administered to teenagers.

In GSK's hepatitus range, Havrix protects against hepatitis A and Engerix-B against hepatitis B.

Twinrix is the only available combined hepatitis A and B vaccine, protecting against both diseases with one vaccine and available in both adult and paediatric strengths. In Europe, FENDrix, a vaccine to prevent hepatitis B in patients with renal insufficiency including high-risk groups such as pre-haemodialysis and haemodialysis patients, is available from 15 years of age onwards.

GSK added Fluviral to its portfolio of products when it acquired the Canadian vaccine manufacturer ID Biomedical Corporation in December 2005. Fluviral is marketed in Canada and, following FDA approval, the USA where it is approved for the active immunisation of adults 18 years and older against infl uenza disease under the brand FluLaval. Fluviral and FluLaval add to Fluarix GSK’s seasonal ‘flu vaccine, which is distributed in 79 countries including the USA.

GSK also markets Priorix, a measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, Typherix, a vaccine for protection against typhoid fever, and Varilrix, a vaccine against varicella or chicken pox. Priorix-Tetra, GSK’s new combination vaccine to prevent measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMRV) was first launched in Germany in August 2006.

In addition, the Group markets a range of vaccines to prevent meningitis under the umbrella name Mencevax. GSK’s new Hib- MenC vaccine, Menitorix is now available in the UK. GSK’s meningitis vaccine portfolio will be complemented by new meningitis conjugate vaccines in the near future.

As part of its paediatric franchise, GSK continued to roll out the launch of its vaccine against rotavirus induced gastroenteritis, Rotarix, which is now launched in 90 countries worldwide. Rotavirus vaccination has been included in the national vaccination calendar of fi ve Latin American countries where Rotarix will be available free at public health clinics, as part of governmental paediatric immunisation programmes.

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Oncology and emesis
Tykerb is an oral treatment for patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer whose tumours overexpress HER2 and who have received prior therapy including an anthracycline, a taxane and trastuzumab. Tykerb was approved in the USA in 2007 and is submitted for European approval.

Hycamtin is a second line treatment for ovarian, cervical and small cell lung cancer.

Bexxar is a treatment for patients with CD20 follicular, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with and without transformation whose disease is refractory to rituximab and who have relapsed following chemotherapy.

Arranon (nelarabine) a treatment for patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma.

Zofran is used to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer, and is available in both oral and injectable forms. It is also approved for use in the prevention and treatment of post-operative nausea and vomiting.

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Cardiovascular and urogenital
Coreg is an alpha/beta blocker which has been proven to be effective in treating patients with mild, moderate and severe heart failure, heart attack or hypertension. GSK has sole marketing rights in the USA and Canada. A controlled release formulation, Coreg CR is also available in the USA. Generic versions of Coreg are available in the USA and Canada.

Levitra is a PDE-5 inhibitor indicated for male erectile dysfunction. GSK has co-promotion rights in the USA and more than 20 other markets.

Avodart is a 5-ARI inhibitor currently indicated for benign prostatic hyperplasia. A large clinical study is underway examining its efficacy in reducing the risk of prostate cancer.

Vesicare is an anti-muscarinic indicated for overactive bladder. GSK has co-promotion rights with Astellas in the USA. Its major competitors are Detrol LA, Ditropan XL/generic oxybutynin, and Enablex.

Arixtra, a selective Factor Xa inhibitor, is indicated for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) and for the prevention of DVT and PE in patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery, abdominal surgery and acutely ill medical patients (EU only). Also in the EU, Arixtra is indicated for the treatment of patients with acute coronary (unstable angina, NSTEMI and STEMI).

Fraxiparine is a low-molecular weight heparin indicated for prophylaxis of thromboembolic disorders (particularly deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) in general surgery and in orthopedic surgery, treatment of deep vein thrombosis and prevention of clotting during haemodialysis.

Integrilin is a GP IIb-IIIa inhibitor, approved in the EU for the prevention of early myocardial infarction in patients with unstable angina or non-Q-wave MI.

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Other
This category includes Betnovate, the higher potency Dermovate and the newer Cutivate, which are anti-inflammatory steroid products used to treat skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis, Relafen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of arthritis, and Zantac, for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and a range of gastric acid related disorders.

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